两汉
更新时间: 2024-11-25 21:46:59 〔两汉〕张衡
观guān者zhě观guān余yú去qù史shǐ官guān五wǔ载zài而ér复fù还hái,非fēi进jìn取qǔ之zhī势shì也yě。唯wéi衡héng内nèi识shí利lì钝dùn,操cāo心xīn不bù改gǎi。或huò不bù我wǒ知zhī者zhě,以yǐ为wèi失shī志zhì矣yǐ,用yòng为wèi间jiān余yú。余yú应yīng之zhī以yǐ时shí有yǒu遇yù否fǒu,性xìng命mìng难nán求qiú,因yīn兹zī以yǐ露lù余yú诚chéng焉yān,名míng之zhī《《应yīng间jiān》》云yún。
有yǒu间jiān余yú者zhě曰yuē:“盖gài闻wén前qián哲zhé首shǒu务wù,务wù于yú下xià学xué上shàng达dá,佐zuǒ国guó理lǐ民mín,有yǒu云yún为wèi也yě。朝cháo有yǒu所suǒ闻wén,则zé夕xī行xíng之zhī。立lì功gōng立lì事shì,式shì昭zhāo德dé音yīn。是shì故gù伊yī尹yǐn思sī使shǐ君jūn为wèi尧yáo、舜shùn,而ér民mín处chù唐táng、虞yú,彼bǐ岂qǐ虚xū言yán而ér已yǐ哉zāi?必bì旌jīng厥jué素sù尔ěr。咎jiù单dān、巫wū咸xián,实shí守shǒu王wáng家jiā,申shēn伯bó、樊fán仲zhòng,实shí干gàn周zhōu邦bāng,服fú衮gǔn而ér朝cháo,介jiè圭guī作zuò瑞ruì。厥jué迹jī不bù朽xiǔ,垂chuí烈liè后hòu昆kūn,不bù亦yì丕pī欤yú!且qiě学xué非fēi以yǐ要yào利lì,而ér富fù贵guì萃cuì之zhī。贵guì以yǐ行xíng令lìng,富fù以yǐ施shī惠huì,惠huì施shī令lìng行xíng,故gù《《易yì》》称chēng以yǐ“大dà业yè”。质zhì以yǐ文wén美měi,实shí由yóu华huá兴xìng,器qì赖lài雕diāo饰shì为wèi好hǎo,人rén以yǐ舆yú服fú为wèi荣róng。吾wú子zi性xìng德dé体tǐ道dào,笃dǔ信xìn安ān仁rén,约yuē己jǐ博bó艺yì,无wú贤xián不bù钻zuān,以yǐ思sī世shì路lù,斯sī何hé远yuǎn矣yǐ!曩nǎng滞zhì日rì官guān,今jīn又yòu原yuán之zhī。虽suī老lǎo氏shì曲qū全quán,进jìn道dào若ruò退tuì,然rán行xíng亦yì以yǐ需xū。必bì也yě学xué非fēi所suǒ用yòng,术shù有yǒu所suǒ仰yǎng,故gù临lín川chuān将jiāng济jì,而ér舟zhōu楫jí不bù存cún焉yān。徒tú经jīng思sī天tiān衢qú,内nèi昭zhāo独dú智zhì,固gù合hé理lǐ民mín之zhī式shì也yě?故gù尝cháng见jiàn谤bàng于yú鄙bǐ儒rú。深shēn厉lì浅qiǎn揭jiē,随suí时shí为wèi义yì,可kě贪tān于yú支zhī离lí,而ér习xí其qí孤gū技jì邪xié?参cān轮lún可kě使shǐ自zì转zhuǎn,木mù雕diāo犹yóu能néng独dú飞fēi,已yǐ垂chuí翅chì而ér还hái故gù栖qī,盍hé亦yì调diào其qí机jī而ér铦xiān诸zhū?昔xī有yǒu文wén王wáng,自zì求qiú多duō福fú。人rén生shēng在zài勤qín,不bù索suǒ何hé获huò。曷hé若ruò卑bēi体tǐ屈qū己jǐ,美měi言yán以yǐ相xiāng克kè?鸣míng于yú乔qiáo木mù,乃nǎi金jīn声shēng而ér玉yù振zhèn之zhī。用yòng后hòu勋xūn,雪xuě前qián吝lìn,婞xìng佷hěn不bù柔róu,以yǐ意yì谁shuí靳jìn也yě。”应yīng之zhī曰yuē:“是shì何hé观guān同tóng而ér见jiàn异yì也yě?君jūn子zi不bù患huàn位wèi之zhī不bù尊zūn,而ér患huàn德dé之zhī不bù崇chóng;不bù耻chǐ禄lù之zhī不bù伙huǒ,而ér耻chǐ智zhì之zhī不bù博bó。是shì故gù艺yì可kě学xué而ér行xíng可kě力lì也yě。天tiān爵jué高gāo悬xuán,得dé之zhī在zài命mìng或huò不bù速sù而ér自zì怀huái,或huò羡xiàn旃zhān而ér不bù臻zhēn,求qiú之zhī无wú益yì,故gù智zhì者zhě偭miǎn而ér不bù思sī。阽diàn身shēn以yǐ徼jiǎo幸xìng,固gù贪tān夫fū之zhī所suǒ为wèi,未wèi得dé而ér豫yù丧sàng也yě。枉wǎng尺chǐ直zhí寻xún,议yì者zhě讥jī之zhī,盈yíng欲yù亏kuī志zhì,孰shú云yún非fēi羞xiū?于yú心xīn有yǒu猜cāi,则zé簋guǐ飧sūn馔zhuàn餔bù犹yóu不bù屑xiè餐cān,旌jīng瞀mào以yǐ之zhī。意yì之zhī无wú疑yí,则zé兼jiān金jīn盈yíng百bǎi而ér不bù嫌xián辞cí,孟mèng轲kē以yǐ之zhī。士shì或huò解jiě裋shù褐hè而ér袭xí黼fǔ黻fú,或huò臿chā筑zhù而ér据jù文wén轩xuān者zhě,度dù德dé拜bài爵jué,量liàng绩jī受shòu禄lù也yě。输shū力lì致zhì庸yōng,受shòu必bì有yǒu阶jiē。浑hún元yuán初chū基jī,灵líng轨guǐ未wèi纪jì,吉jí凶xiōng分fēn错cuò,人rén用yòng膧tóng朦méng。黄huáng帝dì为wèi斯sī深shēn惨cǎn。有yǒu风fēng后hòu者zhě,是shì焉yān亮liàng之zhī,察chá三sān辰chén于yú上shàng,迹jī祸huò福fú乎hū下xià,经jīng纬wěi历lì数shù,然rán后hòu天tiān步bù有yǒu常cháng,则zé风fēng后hòu之zhī为wèi也yě。当dāng少shǎo昊hào清qīng阳yáng之zhī末mò,实shí或huò乱luàn德dé,人rén神shén杂zá扰rǎo,不bù可kě方fāng物wù,重zhòng、黎lí又yòu相xiāng颛zhuān顼xū而ér申shēn理lǐ之zhī,日rì月yuè即jí次cì,则zé重zhòng、黎lí之zhī为wèi也yě。人rén各gè有yǒu能néng,因yīn艺yì受shòu任rèn,鸟niǎo师shī别bié名míng,四sì叔shū三sān正zhèng,官guān无wú二èr业yè,事shì不bù并bìng济jì。昼zhòu长zhǎng则zé宵xiāo短duǎn,日rì南nán则zé景jǐng北běi。天tiān且qiě不bù堪kān兼jiān,况kuàng以yǐ人rén该gāi之zhī。夫fū玄xuán龙lóng,迎yíng夏xià则zé陵líng云yún而ér奋fèn鳞lín,乐lè时shí也yě;涉shè冬dōng则zé淈gǔ泥ní而ér潜qián蟠pán,避bì害hài也yě。公gōng旦dàn道dào行xíng,故gù制zhì典diǎn礼lǐ,以yǐ尹yǐn天tiān下xià,惧jù教jiào诲huì之zhī不bù从cóng,有yǒu人rén之zhī不bù理lǐ。仲zhòng尼ní不bù遇yù,故gù论lùn《《六liù经jīng》》,以yǐ俟qí来lái辟pì,耻chǐ一yī物wù之zhī不bù知zhī,有yǒu事shì之zhī无wú范fàn。所suǒ考kǎo不bù齐qí,如rú何hé可kě一yī?夫fū战zhàn国guó交jiāo争zhēng,戎róng车chē竞jìng驱qū,君jūn若ruò缀zhuì旒liú,人rén无wú所suǒ丽lì烛zhú武wǔ县xiàn缒zhuì而ér秦qín伯bó退tuì师shī,鲁lǔ连lián系xì箭jiàn而ér聊liáo城chéng弛chí柝tuò。从cóng往wǎng则zé合hé,横héng来lái则zé离lí,安ān危wēi无wú常cháng,要yào在zài说shuō夫fū。咸xián以yǐ得dé人rén为wèi枭xiāo,失shī士shì为wèi尤yóu。故gù樊fán哙kuài披pī帷wéi,入rù见jiàn高gāo祖zǔ;高gāo祖zǔ踞jù洗xǐ,以yǐ对duì郦lì生shēng。当dāng此cǐ之zhī会huì,乃nǎi鼋yuán鸣míng而ér鳖biē应yīng也yě。故gù能néng同tóng心xīn戮lù力lì,勤qín恤xù人rén隐yǐn,奄yǎn受shòu区qū夏xià,遂suì定dìng帝dì位wèi,皆jiē谋móu臣chén之zhī由yóu也yě。故gù一yī介jiè之zhī策cè,各gè有yǒu攸yōu建jiàn,子zi长zhǎng谍dié之zhī,烂làn然rán有yǒu第dì。夫fū女nǚ魃bá北běi而ér应yīng龙lóng翔xiáng,洪hóng鼎dǐng声shēng而ér军jūn容róng息xī;溽rù暑shǔ至zhì而ér鹑chún火huǒ栖qī,寒hán冰bīngЁЁ而ér鼋yuán鼍tuó蛰zhé。今jīn也yě皇huáng泽zé宣xuān洽qià,海hǎi外wài混hùn同tóng,万wàn方fāng亿yì丑chǒu,并bìng质zhì共gòng剂jì,若ruò修xiū成chéng之zhī不bù暇xiá,尚shàng何hé功gōng之zhī可kě立lì!立lì事shì有yǒu三sān,言yán为wèi下xià列liè。下xià列liè且qiě不bù可kě庶shù矣yǐ,奚xī冀jì其qí二èr哉zāi!于yú兹zī缙jìn绅shēn如rú云yún,儒rú士shì成chéng林lín,及jí津jīn者zhě风fēng摅shū,失shī涂tú者zhě幽yōu僻pì,遭zāo遇yù难nán要yào,趋qū偶ǒu为wèi幸xìng世shì易yì俗sú异yì,事shì势shì桀jié殊shū,不bù能néng通tōng其qí变biàn,而ér一yī度dù以yǐ揆kuí之zhī,斯sī契qì船chuán而ér求qiú剑jiàn,守shǒu株zhū而ér伺cì兔tù也yě。冒mào愧kuì逞chěng愿yuàn,必bì无wú仁rén以yǐ继jì之zhī,有yǒu道dào者zhě所suǒ不bù履lǚ也yě。越yuè王wáng勾gōu践jiàn事shì此cǐ,故gù厥jué绪xù不bù永yǒng,捷jié径jìng邪xié至zhì,我wǒ不bù忍rěn以yǐ投tóu步bù;干gàn进jìn苟gǒu容róng,我wǒ不bù忍rěn以yǐ歙shè肩jiān。虽suī有yǒu犀xī舟zhōu劲jìn楫jí,犹yóu人rén涉shè卬áng否fǒu,有yǒu须xū者zhě也yě。姑gū亦yì奉fèng顺shùn敦dūn笃dǔ,守shǒu以yǐ忠zhōng信xìn,得dé之zhī不bù休xiū,不bù获huò不bù吝lìn。不bù见jiàn是shì而ér不bù惛hūn,居jū下xià位wèi而ér不bù忧yōu,允yǔn上shàng德dé之zhī常cháng服fú焉yān。方fāng将jiāng师shī天tiān老lǎo而ér友yǒu地dì典diǎn,与yǔ之zhī乎hū高gāo睨nì而ér大dà谈tán,孔kǒng甲jiǎ且qiě不bù足zú慕mù,焉yān称chēng殷yīn彭péng及jí周zhōu聃dān!与yǔ世shì殊shū技jì,固gù孤gū是shì求qiú。子zi忧yōu朱zhū泙píng曼màn之zhī无wú所suǒ用yòng,吾wú恨hèn轮lún扁biǎn之zhī无wú所suǒ教jiào也yě。子zi睹dǔ木mù雕diāo独dú飞fēi,愍mǐn我wǒ垂chuí翅chì故gù栖qī,吾wú感gǎn去qù蛙wā附fù鸱chī,悲bēi尔ěr先xiān笑xiào而ér后hòu号hào也yě。斐fěi豹bào以yǐ弊bì督dū燔fán书shū,礼lǐ至zhì以yǐ掖yē国guó作zuò铭míng;弦xián高gāo以yǐ牛niú饩xì退tuì敌dí,墨mò翟dí以yǐ萦yíng带dài全quán城chéng;贯guàn高gāo以yǐ端duān辞cí显xiǎn义yì,苏sū武wǔ以yǐ秃tū节jié效xiào贞zhēn;蒲pú且qiě以yǐ飞fēi矰zēng逞chěng巧qiǎo,詹zhān何hé以yǐ沈shěn钧jūn致zhì精jīng;弈yì秋qiū以yǐ棋qí局jú取qǔ誉yù,王wáng豹bào以yǐ清qīng讴ōu流liú声shēng。仆pū进jìn不bù能néng参cān名míng于yú二èr立lì,退tuì又yòu不bù能néng群qún彼bǐ数shù子zi。愍mǐn《《三sān坟fén》》之zhī既jì颓tuí,惜xī《《八bā索suǒ》》之zhī不bù理lǐ。庶shù前qián训xùn之zhī可kě钻zuān,聊liáo朝cháo隐yǐn乎hū柱zhù史shǐ。且qiě韫yùn椟dú以yǐ待dài价jià,踵zhǒng颜yán氏shì以yǐ行xíng止zhǐ。曾céng不bù慊qiàn夫fū晋jìn、楚chǔ,敢gǎn告gào诚chéng于yú知zhī己jǐ。”
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